The 14 patterns of biophilic design and how to apply them.

Nature has a way of making us feel calm, focused, and refreshed. It’s no surprise that being surrounded by greenery, natural light, or the gentle sound of flowing water can lift our mood.

That’s where biophilic design comes in—creating spaces that bring elements of nature indoors to improve well-being and productivity.

The 14 Patterns of Biophilic Design offer a clear framework for applying nature-inspired elements to homes, workplaces, and public spaces.

Let’s explore each pattern and how you can use it to create spaces that feel healthier, happier, and more alive.

1. Visual Connection with Nature

We instinctively respond to the sight of nature. Large windows, indoor plants, or even landscape artwork can create this connection. Start simple: position a desk near a window or place a few leafy plants in key areas.

2. Non-Visual Connection with Nature

Nature isn’t just about what you see. The sound of running water, the scent of pine, or the texture of natural materials can trigger the same sense of calm. A small fountain or a natural-scented diffuser works well for smaller spaces.

3. Non-Rhythmic Sensory Stimuli

Nature moves in small, random ways—like the flicker of candlelight or leaves shifting in the breeze. Use sheer curtains to play with sunlight or add a ceiling fan to create soft movement.

4. Thermal and Airflow Variability

Fresh air and subtle temperature changes make a space feel alive. Open windows when you can, install ceiling fans, or adjust HVAC settings to mimic the feeling of natural air circulation.

5. Presence of Water

Water has a calming effect, whether it’s a trickling stream or a still pond. If you’re designing a larger space, consider a water feature or reflecting pool. For homes, a simple tabletop fountain adds that soothing touch.

6. Dynamic and Diffuse Light

Light in nature isn’t static; it changes with the time of day. Use natural daylight wherever possible, install dimmers, or choose lighting that mimics sunlight to create a space that feels energising and natural.

7. Connection with Natural Systems

This is about recognising nature’s cycles—seasons, growth, or weather. Opt for indoor plants that flower or change over time, or use natural materials like wood that develop character as they age.

8. Biomorphic Forms and Patterns

Nature is full of curves, flowing lines, and intricate patterns. Choose décor, fabrics, or furniture with organic shapes and designs that reflect natural forms, like waves or leaves.

9. Material Connection with Nature

Spaces feel instantly warmer and more authentic when natural materials are used. Wood, stone, clay, or natural fibres like wool and linen all bring a sense of comfort and connection to a room.

10. Complexity and Order

Nature is layered and detailed, but never overwhelming. Mix patterns, textures, and shapes thoughtfully, creating a space that feels interesting but balanced. Think of it like layering a room—natural textiles, plants, and varied surfaces all play a role.

11. Prospect

Open views and clear sightlines make spaces feel expansive. An open floor plan or an elevated seating area can give that feeling of “looking out over the horizon,” like standing on a hilltop.

12. Refuge

While openness is important, we also crave cosy spaces. Add nooks, alcoves, or seating areas with a sense of enclosure—somewhere to retreat, recharge, or focus.

13. Mystery

Spaces that encourage discovery naturally engage us. Think winding pathways, partially obscured views or a design feature that unfolds gradually. This sense of intrigue makes a space feel inviting.

14. Risk/Peril

A touch of excitement, when done safely, can make a space feel alive. A glass floor, a balcony with a view, or bold design features that play with height or perspective can add energy without actual danger.

How to Apply Biophilic Design

You don’t need to tick off all 14 patterns to make a difference. Start small and build from there:

• Bring in greenery: Plants are the simplest way to introduce nature into any space. Mix species, sizes, and textures for a layered, natural look.
• Let the light in: Maximise natural light with sheer curtains, mirrors, or strategically placed furniture. If natural light is limited, use daylight-mimicking LEDs.
• Choose natural materials: Swap synthetic finishes for wood, stone, or natural textiles to instantly make spaces feel warmer and more welcoming.

Biophilic design isn’t just about aesthetics; it’s about creating spaces that help people feel better. Whether you’re redesigning an office, refreshing a living room, or planning a new space entirely, connecting with nature improves focus, reduces stress, and enhances well-being.

Start with what feels right for you. A plant here, a window opened there, or the soft sound of water in the background. Before long, you’ll notice the difference: a space that doesn’t just look good but one that feels alive, calm, and inspiring.

Ready to reconnect with nature? Start small, think natural, and let biophilic design transform your space.